There are 3 main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Other forms of skin cancer, like skin lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), are less common.

It is very important to properly diagnose each skin cancer, because some types are much more serious and need immediate and aggressive treatment.

The dermatologists at the University of Toronto usually biopsy the cancerous growth to determine the exact type of cancer, in order to guide therapy. Once diagnosed, the cancer may be treated locally with destructive techniques (scraping and burning, liquid nitrogen cold spray), surgically removed (excision with stitches), or referred for microscopic surgery (Mohs Surgery). In some cases where the cancer is very early or superficial in the skin, topical immune-activating creams may be used. In other cases, opinions of other specialists like radiation oncologists, oncologists or various surgeons may also be included in the management to ensure all available options reach the patient.